"The following essay discusses one of the main Newar festivals in the Valley of Nepal, Bumgadyah Yāh, and one particular category of participants, Jyāpu farmers (or former farmers) of Lalitpur, here identified as its main social actors. The link between the two, the festival and Jyāpus, is self-evident but requires further scrutiny to
fully understand it. The central idea developed in this article is that this festival, like Newar society itself, is cut across sociologically by a conflict between a caste
model and an indigeneity paradigm........"
Gérard Toffin, emeritus senior researcher, Centre for Himalayan Studies
G. Toffin’s personal blog